Strategic Information System †Current Issues

our site – CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING – PUBLIC HEALTH DISSERTATION TOPICS Expanding Access to Healthcare According to the World Health Organization (2011), the main challenges of health care systems are related to managing competing demands and multiple objectives. Building effective Strategic Information Systems can help health care providers expand coverage to rural areas, and overcome barriers of access through finding alternative methods of information exchange and delivery. Opportunities Ngafeeson (2014) lists the main opportunities of strategic information systems’ application in healthcare as follows: Biomedical research Developing prevention and treatment standards Care delivery Linking national and regional registries Decision-support Challenges Blumenthal (2009) states that the resistance in the profession is the main barrier of SIS integration. Further challenges listed by Ngafeeson (2014) are: Lack of integration among systems Confusing standards Lack of well-developed exchange systems Cost restraints Potential Benefits The main potential benefits of SIS on the health care system to successfully deal with demographic challenges are: Accessibility (rural residents’ access to care) Cost savings Improved quality of care Education opportunities remotely Collaboration among departments (Rudowski 2008). Emerging Themes Clinical decision support systems can support primary care providers (Berner 2009) Rural access improvement through â€Å"internet doctor† services (Wood 2004) Data mining capability building to develop knowledge about trends (Ngafeeson 2014) Instant collaboration methods development Current Initiatives Chronic Disease Management Program in New Zealand helped deliver adequate diabetes control (Rudowski 2008) transmission of ECG signal directly from the ambulance to invasive cardiology centre (Rudowski 2008) Teleradiology Application of SIS in Health Care Berner (2009) lists possible areas of adaptation as: Preventive care (identifying risk populations) Diagnosis (database updates) Treatment plans (guidelines, templates) Cost reduction (duplicate test alert, for example) Follow-up management (alerts) (Berner 2009). Future Outlook and Research Hoque, Hossin, and Khan (2016) states that Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) will benefit developing countries more. The authors also define different stages of SISP: Strategic awareness Situation analysis Strategy conception Strategy formulation Strategy implementation SIS Challenges Difficulty to secure commitment Need for training and development Lack of IT support Underdeveloped technological environment IT leader selection and recruitment Issues with implementation and project management (Hoque, Hossin, and Khan 2016) Conclusion Several opportunities exist in improving health care access, diagnosis accuracy, and information flow in the health care system, related to the development of SIS. The main barriers of implementation were found to be lack of training opportunity, personnel resistance, and lack of IT leadership. References Berner, E.S., 2009. Clinical decision support systems: state of the art. AHRQ publication, 90069. Hoque, M.R., Hossin, M.E. and Khan, W., 2016. Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) Practices In Health Care Sectors Of Bangladesh. European Scientific Journal, 12(6). Ngafeeson, M.N., 2015. Healthcare Information Systems Opportunities and Challenges. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition (pp. 3387-3395). IGI Global. Rudowski, R., 2008. Impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Health Care. Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. WHO. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2011. A System of Health Accounts 2011. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Wood, J., 2004. Rural health and healthcare: A north west perspective. Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University.

African American in 19th Century Essay

The Civil war after effects; set the scene for what would become a long road of discovery, hardship, violence, and freedom however, during this process of transition the American people went through emotional as well economical changes which added additional stress to an already stressed nation where many groups became fearful and were subjected to racism which crossed over the boundary of liberty and Justice for all. Equality had become an endangered liberty guaranteed by a country build upon democracy, regrettably the African American people were not the only ones to suffer many vast groups faced hard days in America at the turn of the century several violent attacks were specifically carried out on the African American men and women even though, the civil war brought a lot of changes it produced little or no results for African American men; however, it did bring harsher persecution all over the country, whereas mass numbers of black men were lynched in the lower southern states in a show of defiance. â€Å"The Emancipation Act† did nothing for the white man but still provided less for the African black man who were still unable to vote in addition to having descent jobs with adequate pay many were forced back to the farm as sharecropper’s despite the set backs they percervered through the racial remarks and slanders. Black men and women were segragated from the start and separate waiting rooms bathrooms and dinning facilities openly poject the sentiments of the American people of the era,within the State of Mississippi; In Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896), The Supreme Court reinforced that â€Å"Blacks and Whites should be separate, but equal. † The statement SEPERATE but EQUAL! thosewords only produced Segregation on a bias legal system of fairness and equality in which a country struggling already became the fuel on a fire already burning and would later divided the country in later years sparking new violence and refocused hatred. More over the Men and women of that time were forced to swear on separate bibles, they couldn’t vote in the election in the country in which they were guaranteed equal rights because they were under disfranchisement, and the racism was developing more and more is some southern locations, for an example many southern states legislated that if your grandfather had cast a ballot then you are allowed to vote and this law supported that nearly all southern white mean were permitted to vote and excluded all African Americans in most situations men whose grandparents had most likely been slaves never voted. Booker T. Washington’s submitted a lot for the African Americans in turn of the century, after his famous speech in Atlanta 1895 (Atlanta Compromise) in about one year the African Americans got more rights, they began to use separated but equal facilities, it was stupid to say the least but it provided a line of truths temporarily and unfourantely included racist ideas inside but it was better than it had been before. Booker T. Washington’s met the American president Theodore Roosevelt at the white house in 1901 and that was a good step towards get the African American and their rights another great pioneer of that time was Du Boise who supported the right for equality and the strive to have equal opportunities within society however Booker T. Washington’s did a lot more for the African American rights, Washington became the Founder of the Niagara movement in 1905. † In 1909 the Niagara movement efforts led to foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) which now is the enforcing representation of the African American whereas Booker T. Washington’s inspiration became a door way to freedom and allowed the African American man to have a voice in society. Finally, if I was African American living at that time, I will say that Booker T. Washington’s and Du Bois were the best representatives of the African Americans all over the country, and Booker T. Washington’s started the movement of the African Americans civil rights, while Du Bois came later to continue and support his efforts, they were great team and deserve the respect.

Body fluid and salt metamoblism

Body fluid and salt metamoblism There are several causes underlying dysnatremia. Most significantly are both the management of dysnatremia and parenteral hydration. In normal status, the normal range of blood sodium concentrations are of 135-145 mmol/L. Sodium and its accompanying anions, which are mainly chloride and bicarbonate, represent for 90% of the extracellular effective osmolality. The plasma water content is a main determinant of the sodium concentration. Dysnatremias may have result in central nervous system dysfunction whereas hyponatremia may lead to brain swelling and hypernatremia may lead to brain shrinkage. According to the extracellular fluid volume status the hyoponatremia is classified as either hypovolemic or normo-hypervolemic. In children, vasopressin release is triggered by the low effective arterial blood volume in case of hypovolemic hyponatremia this is called syndrome of appropriate anti-diuresis. The primary defect in dilutional hyponatremia is euvolemic also there is inappropriate increase in circulating vasopressin levels this is called syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuresis. To determine presence of hyponatremia may shows obvious cause such as vomiting or diarrhea. In some status, to discriminate hypovolemic from normo- hypervolemic hyponatremia may not be obvious. Some patients have difficult to assess their status volume but there is helpful way to assess their status by detect urine spot sodium and the fractional sodium clearance. In state of normovolemic, the major defense against developing hyponatremia is the ability to dilute urine and excrete free-water. There are special causes lead to hypotonic hyponatremia which are hospital-acquired hyponatremia, desmopressin, endurance athlete and diuretics. Hypernatremia is a net water Loss or a hypertonic sodium gain, with Inevitable hypertonicity reflects hypernatremia. If sodium concentrations above 160 Mmol/ L are usually sever symptoms evident only with presence of acute and large increases in concentrations. Almost the cause of hypernatremia is always obvious from the history. If the cause is not evident, determine of urine osmolality in relation to the effective blood osmolality and the urine sodium concentration. There are two mechanisms prevent developing hypernatremia which are: release vasopressin and a powerful thirst mechanism. When the effective blood osmolality exceeds 275-280 mosmol/ kg H2o, release of vasopressin occurs and when the effective blood osmolality exceeds 290-295 mosmol/kg H2o that results in maximally concentrated urine. There are two causes of hypernatremia in outpatient which are breastfeeding and diarrhea or vomiting . In breastfeeding the major problem is water deficiency that cause sodium concentration raises as a result of low volume intake and a loss of water. Diarrhea or vomiting comparison to the past is less because of presumably to the advent of low solute infant formulas and the increased use and availability of oral rehydration solutions. In management of hyponatremia, used either V2 antidiuretic hormone receptor antagonists or urea. In fasting patients, Intravenous maintenance fluids done by Holliday are used to provide water and electrolyte requirements. used administer intravenous isotonic (or near isotonic) crystalloid solutions in children who resistant to initial oral rehydration therapy. Traditionally, mange chronic normovolemic (or hypervolemic) hyponatremia either by restricting water intake or by giving salt. May be the use of nonpeptide vasopressin receptor antagonists as alternative. There are several receptors for vasopressin which are v1a, V1b and v2receptors. In patients who have nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate childhood anti-diuresis the vaptans do not correct hyponatremia. In these cases, use oral administration of urea. All in all, pediatricians must aware of the changing epidemiology of dysnatremia . Also, the hydrated parenterally with the hypotonic solutions which recommended by Holliday.

CEOs Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CEOs - Article Example However, the gap is mainly due to the reason that the CEOs have a far rosier view of the team performance than other members of the team. On the other hand, the team members are not able to be frank and outspoken due to their own inhibitions. It is common knowledge that good communication ishighly essential for effective leadership. A CEO has to understand how to make real conversation with his team members. But, creating a high-performance team is about a lot more than just communicating.Thoughtful CEOs realize the fact that the key contributor to overall effectiveness of the team is the team process and the right structure. Team process involves aspects such ashow the teamworks together, its decision-making patterns, how it manages conflict, andhow effective the team is in responding to changes in the environment. Structure includes the composition of the team, definition of roles, decision rights, and rewards that shape individual behavior in a team context. There is yet another important step every CEO needs to take. A CEO must analyze as to what he/she is good at when it comes to leading his/her team. What a CEO cannot do, he/she should get it done through others. For instance, a CEO who is not efficient in communication may seek outside help for the same. After all, a CEO is not promoted to such a position because he/she is an excellent coach, but due to other qualities such as achieving the desired business results, understanding external markets, being aggressive in introducing new products or expanding into new geographies. Seeking help from others may mean seeking help from consultants, may it be an external or internal consultant, but someone outside the team. Somebody who is not on the team is a great aid in making the team perform better because they have no stake in the content of any of the discussions and hence can view thingsfrom an impartial perspective. This article can mainly be related to the various steps involved in effective team building. These steps can be summarized as follows: Ensure the team goals are totally clear and completely understood by each team member. Ensure clarity in who is responsible for what and avoid overlapping authority. Build trust with team members by creating an atmosphere of honesty and openness. Recognize interpersonal issues early and deal with it in full. Ensure there are no blocked lines of communications and you and your people are kept fully informed. Involve the whole team in the decision making process. Not limit one to merely negative or positive aspects; practice fairness. Learning from George Washington's Leadership Reported by: Francesca Di Meglio Source: www.businessweek.com Link: http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/content/apr2008/bs20080422_057896.htm George Washington was notonly the first US President, but also anexcellent leaderwith amodern style of leadership. Mark McNeilly, author of'George Washington and the Art of Business: The Leadership Principles of America's First Commander-in-Chief,' in his book examines Washington's career and also points out the qualities of Washington that made him such an outstanding leader. Washington had traits like self-discipline, strong character, physical and moral courage, persistence, and integrity. Washington also was highly innovative. For

Discussion 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion 3 - Assignment Example Carlyle seems to be a good actor by possessing some animal’s magnetism of the early days before the periods when drugs and mania took some tolls. Moreover, Hitler saw National Socialism to be minor compared to political movement but rather regarded it as a religious one since they mostly used the Blood Flag, Sacred oaths and religious rituals. The traditional religious holidays were later substituted by the Nazi holy days and now the calls for miracles of faith were seen as manifestations of Nazism’s quasi-religious characters. Kurt Ludecke who was a supporter of Hitler regarded National Socialism as a secular conversation of a new faith that will come by itself. Most of the Germans regarded Hitler as the messiah with respect to his vision. We get to realize that the Nazi leaders encouraged the messianic view of Hitler in almost all German schools. Through this, children were required to write composition comparing Jesus with Hitler. Song was made by the youth organization who were mainly boys known as Hitler Jungvolk. The song had a lot of praise to Hitler as the Lord, Savior and hero of Germans. Further, Hitler’s ability as the Speaker is seen as a major cause for his great success by arousing deep and passionate emotions to his listeners by his carefully prepared and set speeches. It could take him few minutes to express deepest desires and dreams to his listeners. It is revealed by one of his biographer that Hitler often practiced gesturing in front of a mirror in his Munich room on the Thierschstrasse that made him to constantly improve his techniques of public speaking. On the other side, Hitler is seen as an Ideologist whose main aim was to acquire power for him by many biographers. This is seen through h is clever manipulation of weaknesses of others for his own end. Moreover, this is also evident when he wrote Mein Kampf in the mid-1920s. Adolf Hitler’s Triumph of the will German about Propaganda and mass meetings

Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands Assignment - 1

Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands - Assignment Example as an adventuring business woman in London, Jamaica, New Granada, Haiti, and Cuba, and as a woman who, undisturbed by the horrors that were experienced at the battlefields she deployed herself to the Crimean war, her heroine was extraordinary by any standards. In addition to her bibliographical significance, her works are invaluable means of espying how the female subject fashioned her identity, from the socially, racially, and more so the economically disempowered position. The text describes how she exploited historical moments in order to realize and construct a new social identity. The writer has used double coincidence so as to challenge contradictory and conflicting ideas in her identity. When the location shift from Jamaica to England; she finds this site less predictable, unlike the colonial one. She illuminates what she reveals as the psychological migration of colonialism and migration. In the wonderful adventures, the cultural hybridity of Seacole surrenders to the imperialism of Britain as a civilization strength; however, this surrender is not absolute. Seacole’s constant revolt against the marginalization that was imposed by gender and race qualifies her hold for the civil ideals; she even portrays herself as the champion of the English values (Seacole 45). She claims that the British Empire has become a sacred value in her life, and it does not matter whether it represents cultural and social legitimacy at home or abroad, or maybe the much desired protection from the Yankees of New Granada (Seacole 73). The narrative celebrates her single status of being a Jamaican woman. At the age of forty-five, she chooses to defy the English –derived social conventions (Seacole 60). Instead, she decides to carve out of the new life for the sake of adventure, entrepreneur, and professional healing. While telling her story, we realize her attempt to explain the meaning of a true woman based on her individual accomplishments as a Jamaican woman, where color

Nurture and Nature in the early human development Assignment

Nurture and Nature in the early human development - Assignment Example However, due to the rise in behaviourism, experts opined that nurture played a role in human development. This argument was based on the fact that training in early childhood can make the child develop into any kind of adult. However, most psychologists of current generation are of the opinion that both nature and nurture have a role in the development of humans and adulthood depends on the interactions between these two aspects. Most attributes of human beings, like emotional stability, sociability and psychiatric illnesses are a result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Experts are of the opinion that even innate biological attributes are modifiable by environmental factors. A good example for this is development of congenital anomalies and other problems in the fetus consequent to exposure to infectious diseases, maternal malnutrition, maternal smoking and maternal alcoholism. Similarly while development of milestones is programmed genetically and all childr en go through similar milestones at similar ages, some research has shown that achievement of milestones, to some extent depends on the stimulation. Similar features were noted in speech development. While newborns are born with functioning sensory, development of the sensory systems depends on environmental stimulation. For example, at birth newborns watch only flashing lights, or ridges and movements of head. They however gradually learn to recognize faces and identify them. Newborns start at loud noises and turn their head towards sound. But this disappears at 6 weeks and reemerges at 3-4 months age when the infant even turns the eyes towards the source of sound. Speech development occurs based on perception of sounds. Babies also have taste sensation and touch sensation and have preference to sweet taste and different types of touch. Their expressions towards different tastes are different. They also have good olfactory sensation and behave

Juvenile Justice Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile Justice Cases - Assignment Example The future lies with the children hence, today’s laws subject them to various systems different from the adults’. It is necessary to mention that today’s child has not had enough chance at her disposal leading to marginal changes in the traditional roles that children play in several parts of this state. Most of them have actually adapted to the common proverbial silver-spoon which had an unimaginable meaning in the uneconomical era. Some are fortunate enough to have the necessities of a life while others face controversial and diverse problems. Some of the problems might be a direct effect of increasing strength of the economy; something that has substantially reduced the responsible behavior expectations during childhood. Most irresponsible children behavior is a result of inadequate attention from preoccupied parents who leave their children with the responsibility of taking care of themselves when they return home from school (John, 2007). Question 1 A& B: Although it might be a little easier to jump into conclusion and think that the 15-year old would be thrown to jail and manhandled, it is crucial to point out that the justice system came up with a system that aims at, not only committing itself to the restoration and protection philosophy but also provides diverse opportunities for diversion and emphasizing on the rehabilitation process other than mere punishment hence Mrs. I should not be worried due to several ways used to deal with that issue without necessarily having the little boy harassed. The punishment principle states that there can never be an occurrence of a crime in a situation where lawful punishment specifications do not exist. For example, Larceny would never be considered a criminal offence if a clearly defined law against that does not exist. The law of the land cannot simply state that, ‘stealing is illegal’. Criminal punishment should be clearly specified in order to ensure that there is lawful imposition of sanctions when an individual if found guilty. In this case, the boy would be found in possession of a car that was stolen, driving without a license and even crushing the car. This may be a hard case to handle as the defendant had been found with (not just one) three offences to answer for. However, there might still be hope. He might escape a harsh punishment but must be subjected to other means of correcting his behavior (Davenport, 2009). One thing that must be put into consideration is whether or not Mrs. I could be willing to take res ponsibility of seeing to it that the future of this little boy is bright through economic means and absolute mentorship programs. That is the most lenient option adopted by a court of law in implementing justice as a means of reversing the juvenile delinquency’s negative trend. A relatively strong program of diversion relevantly impacts recidivism and delinquents. As a replacement of juvenile court, sentencing and prosecution, there had to be an implementation of diversion programs. Another significant point is whether or not

How Can an Understanding of Micro- And Macro- Economic Help Business Essay

How Can an Understanding of Micro- And Macro- Economic Help Business Deal with Their Market Situation and Their External Environment - Essay Example This paper illustrates that among micro-economic theory, one of the most important concepts is supply and demand analysis that is related to analyzing the supply and demand graph to measure the shift of the graph. It is necessary to explain these concepts before describing their importance for businesses. Supply and demand analysis of a business implies looking at the two variables of supply and demand. Demand can be defined as a phenomenon in which consumers agree on a certain amount of goods to purchase at a particular price. Therefore, demand is determined by various factors among which price of goods are an important factor as a law of demand states that high price of goods cause consumers to demand less and vice versa. However, supply is the quantity of goods that the manufacturers are agreed on selling at a certain price. According to a law of supply, the high price enables manufacturers to sell more whereas low price makes them manufacture less quantity of goods. Thus the supp ly and demand determine the businesses operations and helps them make important decisions about their selling of products. The supply and demand have a close relationship with concepts of equilibrium and elasticity. Equilibrium can be defined as the condition in which both consumers and manufacturers agree on a certain price on which goods would be sold or purchased. However, the concept of elasticity implies the responsiveness of consumers and manufacturers toward the change in some variable. For instance, the change in the price of a good affects the consumers and firms to lead them to make a decision. There are numerous factors that are related to the concept of elasticity such as a price of a good, income of consumer or cross-elasticity of supply and demand.

The needs of future generations are being met by current policies of Essay - 1

The needs of future generations are being met by current policies of sustainable development. To what extent do you agree with this statement - Essay Example s individuals have become increasingly aware of fragile environment and the need to promote utility of the individual not met them as well is generated at the same time. As a function of seeking to answer the degree and extent to which current policies is development are assisting future generations the following analysis will consider three case study involving pollution, global warming, precise as a function of seeking to answer this broader overarching question. It is the further hope of this particular author that such a level of discussion and analysis will be beneficial with regards to representing the reality in which the current world exists is further utility and sustainability of the plan as well as the individuals that call it home currently those that will one day live upon. Further, even though a global level of understanding relates to this specific topic, a level of analysis will be provided on Singapore; allowing for a more individualized and focused analysis. Firstly, with respect to the issue of recycling, it can be noted that current policies of sustainable development encourage recycling as a means of ensuring that the same level of resources will be available future generations as are currently available. Great progress has been made with respect to encouraging recycling and in some cases incentivizing; actually paying firms and/or individuals to dispose of their waists in a responsible manner so that this process will gain a degree of traction and, reinforce behavior that is exhibited elsewhere throughout society. However, there is a fundamental drawback with respect to the way in which recycling programs are being throughout the developed world. One of the most prominent of these has to do with the fact that recycling programs are not mandatory. Accordingly, those individuals that the recycling is either a hassle or useless towards improving their own lives will not integrated with an continue to dispose of garbage and other waste and an

Training on Conflict resolution strategies in Team Dynamics Essay Example for Free

Training on Conflict resolution strategies in Team Dynamics Essay The necessity of this training   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Disagreements with how one sees life situations are just a few of the reasons that conflicts happen so ordinarily. Just as conflicts are also integral parts of daily existence so does negotiating through them (Amason, 1996; Amason, Thompson, Hochwarter, Harrison, 1995). Studies reveal that there is â€Å"no one size fits all† when it comes to navigating the disagreements and weather through storms where conflicts are concerned. However, there are principles that are observed when successful conflict management has taken place. Conflicts therefore must be confronted and understood at the individual level where a person experiences inner personal struggles at varying degrees. However, a short training tackles in detail a much larger picture as it attempts to provide a succinct look at conflict resolution strategies in the area of team dynamics by examining, describing and explaining various concepts as to the understanding of these significant concepts. Objectives for the training of communication To understand the nature of conflict as it arises in individual situations and in teams. Individual personal conflicts are inevitable occurrences that are usually taken for granted because of its â€Å"ordinariness.† Unless people undertakes a formal study on conflict management, he/she goes through life hitting and missing (at most) at ways of resolving issues and inner conflicts and in all probabilities, somehow manages to escape conflicts. The following important features in team dynamics are specifically indicated and described because these are crucial points in developing effective management of conflicts and developing efficient team dynamics. To reap the Benefits of working teams in relationship to conflict resolution strategies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Working teams in relationship to conflict resolution strategies provide benefits including personal and team growth as team members acquire insights with relationships and how these relationships are utilized to better reach worthwhile goals. In addition, working teams have optional choices rather than solitary attempts at confronting conflicts, such as higher possibility arriving at the solutions of the problems, promoting cohesiveness among the team, and increasing the involvement or participation of members. To identify the different Types of Conflict   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on the study presented by Johnson (2005), few researches actually â€Å"describe how to identify conflict.† There are seven types of conflicts depending on â€Å"who is in conflict with whom† (Fisher et al, 1995; in Johnson, 2005). These are:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~an individual with inner conflicts totally unrelated to the team but whose best performance for the team is not achieved due to the personal problem, thus influencing the whole team   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~two distinct members are in direct conflict with each other   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~one against all members   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~all against one member   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~a lot of members against a lot of others as well   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~one whole team as against another team   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~all of the team as against one person not a part of the team. To   explain ways of Managing, preparing or preventing Conflict   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since conflict and disagreements are integral to the growth and performance of teams, it is therefore necessary that individual members and as a group, go through an education process to understand the nuances of conflict. They necessitate the learning to distinguish what healthy debates are, brainstorming and normal exchange of ideas which are important to team achieving corporate goals (Johnson, 2005). Studies by Tjosvold and colleagues (1999) show that when disagreements are brought into the open and talked about, conflicts are minimized and feelings of frustration, anger and doubts or suspicions are abated. Solutions to conflict   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employing a conflict checklist can be an excellent ingredient as well in resolving and minimizing the incidence of conflict. III. Identify Types of Instructional methods you will use and why   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The best method that will be used is the seminar-workshop type which showcases the sort of brief lecture/discussion type followed by a question and answer portion. The workshop aspect will be the demonstration on activities that will enhance closeness of the relational and emotional aspect of the team’s association and promote self-understanding and self-awareness as well. Team communication and conflict are best understood when games and activities are tied up or incorporated as part of the challenge that the group will undertake. Discuss how you would tie the training into performance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the discussion of the lecture on conflict and strategies that are going to be developed by individuals and groups, it is expected that these are skills that are not learned overnight. However, there are expectations that the insights must be applied during the next few days or weeks. The kind of training that is illustrated here is expected to be clearly applicable and transferable wherever the participants maybe. Training for conflict resolution strategies in team dynamics will not be that easy but the determination must be there for the participants to see real results.             References Amason, A. C. (1996). Distinguishing the effects of functional and dysfunctional conflict on strategic decision making: Resolving a paradox for top management teams. Academy of Management Journal, 39(1), 123-148. Amason, A. C., Thompson, K. R., Hochwarter, W. A., Harrison, A. W. (1995). Conflict: An important dimension in successful management teams. Organizational Dynamics, 24(2), 20-35. Bens, I. (1997). Facilitating conflict. In M. Goldman (Ed.), Facilitating with ease! (pp. 83-108). Sarasota, FL: Participative Dynamics. Davison, Sue Canney. 2003. Creating Working Normas and Agreements. Accessed May 25, 2008 www.genderdiversity.cgiar.org/CreatingWorkingAgreementsDavison3.doc Fisher, K., Rayner, S., Belgard, W. (1995). Tips for teams: A ready reference for solving common team problems. NY, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Jennsen, O., Van De Vliert, E., Veenstra, C. (1999). How task and person conflict shape the role of positive interdependence in management teams. Journal of Management, 25(2), 117-141. Johnson, Debbi-Wagner. 2005. Managing Work-Team Conflict: Assessment and Preventatve Strategies. Center for Collaborative Organizations, University of North Texas.   All rights reserved. Rayeski, E., Bryant, J. D. (1994). Team resolution process: A guideline for teams to manage conflict, performance, and discipline. In M. Beyerlein M. Bullock Tjosvold, D., Morshima, M., Belsheim, J. A. (1999). Complaint handling on the shop floor: Cooperative relationships and open-minded strategies. International Journal of Conflict Management, 10(1), 45-68.

Oceans Act of 2000 Essay Example for Free

Oceans Act of 2000 Essay From sea to shining sea, America has always been a country dependant on its coastal waters. We use the oceans and the abundant resources found in them for everything from physical exercise, food, and medicines, to a place to dump our garbage, dispose of toxic chemicals, and to travel to far off destinations. The oceans provide much for us, and without them, life on Earth would not be sustainable. The oceans are a vital resource for humankind, and sadly, we have put them in immediate danger. The majority of the population of the United States lives in coastal regions. Due to this, marine-related industries, such as fishing and shipping, play a significant role in our nation’s economy. Unfortunately, the fishing business in the United States has dwindled. Overfishing has caused the collapse of New England’s cod, flounder, and haddock fisheries. The Gulf of Mexico has what is known as a â€Å"dead zone†, (Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation S. 2327) which was likely caused by pollution from the Mississippi River. Pollution is another issue altogether†¦ Runoff from our farmlands and cities flows down our rivers into the Gulf of Mexico and contaminates the coastal areas of our southern states. Oil spills threaten our marine wildlife. Harmful algal blooms have taken over many underwater habitats. Overabundances of sediment and nitrogen from farms and factories upstream suffocate the water ecosystems of our lands. Without strict guidelines and stream-lined regulations set up to properly control our pollution problem, humans will, ultimately, destroy the oceans. The need for urgent action to protect our oceans and waterways has never been greater. Although people have attempted to investigate and lay down the groundwork for improving the condition of our oceans in the past, their attempts have not been enough. In 1966, Congress passed the Marine Resources and Engineering Development Act (Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation S. 2327), which was designed to lay out national objectives and programs regarding the oceans. Leading the commission was Dr. Julius A. Stratton, former president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. With Dr.  Stratton leading the way, along with advisors from congress including Senator Norris Cotton and Senator Warren Magnuson, the 1966 Act was a huge step forward for the country’s oceanic preservation efforts, yet for the next thirty years, it would be one of the only steps forward. The United States urgently needed to increase public awareness of the importance of the oceans to our nation. With that in mind, 1998 was declared the â€Å"International Year of the Ocean†. Spreading knowledge of the threats our oceans faced made it clear to Congress that we needed to take a second look at our ocean policies. On August 7, 2000, President Bill Clinton released a statement upon signing the Oceans Act of 2000. In it, he stated that â€Å"the legislation would establish a Commission on Ocean Policy, to make recommendations to the President and to Congress for a coordinated and comprehensive national ocean policy. † (Statement on Signing the Oceans Act of 2000) The Oceans Act itself was the law requiring the formation of a sixteen member commission, whose job was to research the issues regarding our coasts and waters and to present a detailed report on their findings, and any recommendations to solve the issues, to the President. In September 2004, the Commission introduced their final report, â€Å"An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century†, and invited public comment on their findings. The report consisted of 212 recommendations for ocean policy. Members of the Alaska Oceans Program, American Littoral Society, Gulf Restoration Network, Natural Resources Defense Council, North Carolina Coastal Federation, People for Puget Sound, Sierra Club, and The Ocean Conservancy submitted their comments on the report. Public Comment on Final Report: An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century: Pre-Publication Copy) Although there were a few changes that these groups did not agree with, the majority of the information provided in the report was met with vast approval, especially the call for the implementation of a National Ocean Council, to consolidate the numerous agencies involved in the welfare of our waterways. Since the publishing of â€Å"An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century†, President Bush called for a 13. percent increase in National Science Foundation funding for ocean sciences. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) However, much of the funding promised to support the National Ocean Council has been delayed and pushed back, making it very difficult to move forward with the recommendations of the Ocean Commission. In February 2008, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative, comprised of former members from the Pew Oceans Commission and the National Ocean Commission, a ssessed the nation’s progress in ocean policy throughout 2007. The grade they presented was a â€Å"C†. Funding seems to be the largest issue our nation is facing in terms of moving forward more quickly with the recommendations from the Commission, yet, as Andy Solow, director of the WHOI Marine Policy Center says, â€Å"If enough people get involved politically and on a grass-roots level, we can make significant progress in some of these areas without it. (A Sea Change in National Ocean Policy? by Matt Villano) The future of our oceans, as well as our planet, is still up in the air. Unless our priorities change, and funding is found to implement the changes needed to improve the status of our oceans, we may find ourselves on the verge of extinction.

Understanding Of Feminist Theory And Patriarchy Sociology Essay

Understanding Of Feminist Theory And Patriarchy Sociology Essay Western female thought through the centuries has identified the relationship between patriarchy and gender as crucial to the women ¡Ã‚ ¦s subordinate position. For two hundred years, patriarchy precluded women from having a legal or political identity and the legislation and attitudes supporting this provided the model for slavery. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries suffrage campaigners succeeded in securing some legal and political rights for women in the UK. By the middle of the 20th century, the emphasis had shifted from suffrage to social and economic equality in the public and private sphere and the women ¡Ã‚ ¦s movement that sprung up during the 1960s began to argue that women were oppressed by patriarchal structures. Equal status for women of all races, classes, sexualities and abilities in the 21st century these feminist claims for equality are generally accepted as reasonable principles in western society; yet the contradiction between this principle of equality and the demonstrable inequalities between the sexes that still exist exposes the continuing dominance of male privilege and values throughout society (patriarchy). This essay seeks to move beyond the irrepressible evidence for gender inequality and the division of labour. Rather, it poses the question of gender inequality as it manifests itself as an effect of patriarchy drawing from a theoretical body of work which has been developed so recently that it would have been impossible to write this essay thirty years ago. Feminist Theory and Patriarchy Although  ¡Ã‚ ¡K patriarchy is arguably the oldest example of a forced or exploitative division of social activities ¡Ã‚ ¨ and clearly existed before it was ever examined by sociologists, the features of patriarchy had been accepted as natural (biological) in substance. It was not until feminists in the 1960s began to explore the features and institutions of patriarchy, that the power of the concept to explain women ¡Ã‚ ¦s subordinate position in society was proven (Seidman, 1994) . The feminist engagement with theories of patriarchy criticised pre-existing theoretical positions and their ideological use, tracing theoretical progenitors of popular views about gender, gender roles etc (Cooper, 1995; Raymond, 1980). Developing theories to explain how gender inequalities have their roots in ideologies of gender difference and a hierarchical gender order, feminist theoretical concepts of patriarchy are able to explain and challenge gender inequality and the gendered division of labour in the private and social spheres (Seidman, 1994). They have done this by challenging concepts of gender, the family and the unequal division of labour underpinned by a theory of patriarchy that has come to reveal how it operates to subordinate women and privilege men, often at women ¡Ã‚ ¦s expense. Patriarchy, Structure and Gender Inequality Walby (1990) reveals how patriarchy operates to achieve and maintain the gender inequalities essential for the subordination of women. Crucially for this essay, she shows how it can operate differently in the private and public domain but toward the same end. She identifies patriarchy as having diverse forms of and relationships between its structures in the public and private spheres, and yet still operates in a related fashion. Walby ¡Ã‚ ¦s explanation sees the household and household production as being a key site of women ¡Ã‚ ¦s subordination but acknowledges that the domestic area is not the only one that women participate in. She shows how the concept of patriarchy is useful in explaining the relationship between women ¡Ã‚ ¦s subordination in the private and public arenas by showing that they work equally to achieve this subordination as well as supporting, reflecting and maintaining patriarchy itself. Firstly, Walby points out that the structures of patriarchy differ in their form. The household has a different structure to other institutional forms, e.g., the workplace. This is an important point because if feminist theories of patriarchy are to stand they must show that patriarchy operates to the same end in both the private and public sphere, even if it uses different strategies, otherwise it could not be the main reason for the continuing inequality of women in both the private and public sphere. Walby shows that within the private structure and the public structures, patriarchy does use different strategies to maintain gender inequality and these strategies both achieve the subordination of women. The household strategy is considered to be exclusionary and the public structures strategy as segregationist. The exclusionary strategy in the private arena is based on household production. Application of this strategy in the domestic sphere depends on individual patriarchs controlling women in the private world of the home. The male patriarch in the household is both the oppressor and recipient of women ¡Ã‚ ¦s subordination. This strategy is direct  ¡V women are oppressed on a personal and individual basis by the individual patriarchs who share their lives. The segregationist strategy used in the public patriarchy actively excludes women from the public arena using various structures to subordinate them. Application depends on controlling access to public arenas (Golombok and Fivush, 1995). This strategy does not benefit the institution directly, but it does ensure that individual patriarchs are privileged at the expense of women, and it maintains gender differences. The way in which individual patriarchs and public institutions use there power further reveals how related the structures of patriarchy are. Public institutions do not have the power to oppress individual women or exclude them directly from public structures; this work is carried out in the home. Power in institutions is used collectively rather than individually, and the segregationist strategy pursued in the public arena maintains the exclusionary strategy used in private that in turn supports the segregationist strategy used in public. Yet, the institution can only pursue its segregationist strategy because the individual patriarch subordinates the individual women daily. Walby ¡Ã‚ ¦s description of patriarchal structure looks powerful where there are fewer variables  ¡V e.g., when women and men seem to share the  ¡Ã‚ ¥privilege ¡Ã‚ ¦ of being exploited equally as a labour force working equal hours for equal pay in equal conditions (Haug, 1998). Haug (1998) cites research from East Germany which allows her to calculate that women do 4 hours and 41 minutes of domestic labour against men ¡Ã‚ ¦s 2 hours 38 minutes. Men split their extra two hours between leisure time and paid employment. She asks if it is a realistic possibility that patriarchy could be so completely and comprehensively asserted in as little as two hours a day. Haug does not answer this question (perhaps it is rhetorical) but I think that Walby ¡Ã‚ ¦s (1990) theory of patriarchy is so powerful because it can reveal the answer to questions like this. Walby ¡Ã‚ ¦s theory stands because she shows that the power of patriarchy is asserted in both the private and public sphere simultaneously supporting, reflecting and maintaining itself, regardless of the economic and social framework that prevails. In Haug ¡Ã‚ ¦s case, patriarchy is not being asserted in two hours per day, rather it is an expression of patriarchy, i.e., a symbol of male privilege, which could only be expressed if the general strategies of patriarchal structure were intact and functioning. This description of the relationship between patriarchy and structure demonstrates how inequalities in the workplace and in inequality in the home are two sides of the same coin and individual males are involved in the direct and indirect subordination of women simultaneously. The concepts that allowed Walby (1990) to define patriarchy as she has are discussed below, with reference to the work of second and third wave feminist thinkers. Gender and Gender Inequalities in the Domestic and Occupational Divisions of Labour Feminist concepts of gender and gender inequality allow us to refer more or less directly to a theoretical framework for understanding how they have come to form a basis that helps structure the whole of society according to the concept of patriarchy (Seidman, 1994). The gender differences, which lead to gender inequality in the division of labour, and presented as natural by patriarchy and unequal gender order has been normalised and legitimated by science, medicine and popular culture (Raymond, 1980). Feminists hold that this normalisation conceals the social and political formation of an unequal male order, arguing that gender difference is socially produced in order to sustain male dominance (Seidman, 1994). Frable (1997) points out that there is no basis for a biological account of gender difference since gender identity can only refer to the psychological sense of being male or female. Gender is now understood as a social category (Frable, 1997) and so liberal feminism was correct to deny that nature requires rigidly separate and unequal social roles based on gender (Ruehl, 1983). The patriarchal concepts of gender criticised by feminists are used to ascribe the roles that result in gender inequality in the division of labour (Sarup, 1993). This view is supported by Garnsey (1991) when she describes the division of labour as the differentiation of work tasks organised in structured patterns of activity. These activities are imposed and remunerated in a specific and unequal manner. When the evidence allows us to place the words  ¡Ã‚ ¥according to gender ¡Ã‚ ¦ into the last two sentences, and they new sentences mean something, then the concepts of patriarchy argued by feminists begin to take on an explanatory power. Occupational Labour and the Economy Liberal feminist provided concepts of gender that account for pay differentials and might even account for why women can receive less money than men for doing the same job (Golombok and Fivush, 1995). They can be used to explain why the political and social change which has allowed substantially greater numbers of women to enter the labour force has also concentrated them in the poorest employment (Golombok and Fivush, 1995). This is especially so if Garnsey ¡Ã‚ ¦s (1991) description of the differentiated and imposed tasks of the division of labour is used to structure the argument. However, they do not explain the reasons behind women ¡Ã‚ ¦s oppression and in order to do this Marxist feminists to began to argue that gender inequality has been shaped by capitalist development, highlighting explanations which connect gender inequality with economic needs (e.g., Mitchell J, 1966 used Marxist theory in Women: The Longest Revolution). However, while most feminists see the close links between the organisation of production and the division of labour many thought that there was a limited future for feminism under theories which reduced the specifics of women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives to the extent that the subjective and interpersonal flavour was not captured (e.g., Firestone S, 1970; The Dialectic of Sex: the Case for Feminist Revolution). The socialist or Marxist feminist proposition positions class as the most basic form of human conflict but this position was challenged by radical feminists according to whom, equality does not mean being like men (Sarup, 1993). Radical feminists successfully argued for the substitution of gender conflict as the source of all other conflict and fighting for equality in the occupational field became subordinate to challenging the social and cultural order (Sarup, 1993). Asserting that a female identity and subjectivity could only be defined without reference to the patriarchal framework, many radical feminists looked for ways to identify and develop a female culture and way of being which was free from the influences of patriarchy. For example, Irigaray (1985) proposed that this be done through the promotion of entre-femmes, a kind of social form specific to women. A cultural terrain distinct from women ¡Ã‚ ¦s usual site the family. Household Labour Feminist writers have taken the family as a central feature of their explanation of patriarchy but they do not always agree about its role in shaping women to serve patriarchal ends in domesticity and work (Sarup, 1993). Liberal feminism recognized the gendered, social roles of wife and mother but advocated choice for women with respect to marriage, family, career etc., proposing to achieve this through a process of education and reform (Seidman, 1994). In radical feminism, the family is viewed as a major institution whose role is to foster gender inequality through the socialisation of children and subordinate women by forcing them to conform to feminine stereotypes (e.g, Greer G, 1970, The Female Eunuch). Postmodern feminism based on Foucault ¡Ã‚ ¦s work explicitly criticises the emphasis on the family as  ¡Ã‚ ¥the unit in charge ¡Ã‚ ¦ (Sarup, 1993). In order to carry out its functions, the family relies on differential relationships (Broderick, 1993). Coole et al (1990) point out that the functional needs served by the nuclear element of the nuclear family are neither exclusive nor universal which indicates that differentiation it is not essential to the performance of the vital functions of the family. This means that the social roles of wife and mother as conceived by liberal feminism are a gendered and manufactured choice. The differential relationships that identify the roles of wife and mother are part of the nuclear family model promoted by patriarchal ideologies for more than one hundred and fifty years (Coole et al, 1990; p43). This suggests that the one or some of the roles ascribed to the family by other feminists may be more accurate. Despite the differences, feminism ¡Ã‚ ¦s main assertion, that gender identities and roles are socially formed, makes the theoretical proposition that a social and political explanation (patriarchy) can be given for male dominance and patterns of gender inequality possible (Seidman, 1994). Conclusion The strength of feminist perspectives on patriarchy is that most of them have been developed from the standpoint of women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives (Seidman, 1994) and yet this is also a criticism  ¡K what women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives does the standpoint reflect? If feminist perspectives of patriarchy are to be useful they must not only make sense structurally, they must also make sense of all women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. Lesbian, Black,  ¡Ã‚ ¥Third World ¡Ã‚ ¦ and post-colonial critics have demonstrated some of the limitations of western feminist agendas that prefer patriarchal accounts of equality to racialised and cultural accounts (Burman, 1998). For example, the promotion of reproductive choices by western feminists in the 1970s focused on contraceptive and abortion rights. However, many women at that time were being discriminated against because of their colour, sexuality or physical abilities and were fighting to keep their children, born and unborn (Burman, 1998). Whilst these criticisms of western feminist raise questions about how and why the priorities of the issues and campaigns these women cho (o)se to think and act on were agreed, they do not suggest an alternative account of inequality in which the public and private oppression of women is explained (Seidman, 1994). Critics are however right to point out that the feminist account of patriarchy developed by western liberal feminists needs to be expanded to ensure that the experiences of more women can be included but they must also acknowledge that the priorities and concerns of liberal feminists have resulted in some of the most far reaching and important education and legal reforms of this century taking place in the last the last twenty years. These reforms particularly reflect the western feminist concern with differential relationships. In the area of social policy and the law, reformers have begun to focus on protecting the individual rights of vulnerable household members  ¡V women, children, and the elderly (MacLean Kurczewzki 1994) at the expense of patriarchal privilege. Crucially, whilst the law has become aware of the potential for the exploitation of family members and in acting underlines the importance of public attitudes and legislation in maintaining gender inequalities and differential relationships; the reform approach cannot be seen as an open acknowledgement that socialisation patterns and family arrangements are male dominated (MacLean Kurczewzki 1994). Following the vote of the General Synod in 1992, the ordination of women in the Church of England has challenged hundreds of years of patriarchal authority and tradition in the church. The implicit relationship between individual men and institutions can be viewed explicitly in the complex provision made to protect those who are individually opposed using the church ¡Ã‚ ¦s own structures. Regardless of the refusal of key patriarchal institutions to acknowledge the extent to which man have been and are systematically and deliberately privileged by their structures and actions, these dominant forms of power can help produce social change, even if they are only attempting to keep in touch with contemporary society (Cooper, 1995). The process of power is therefore open to change and feminist theorists have shown using their account of patriarchy that the  ¡Ã‚ ¥by products ¡Ã‚ ¦ of power (e.g., inequality) can be mediated by the institution which represents it and moderated to be less damaging to individuals (Cooper, 1989).

Essay --

The Third Phase of the war was the Danish intervention. Christian IV of Denmark had a strong interest in Germany. He was Lutheran so supported the Lutheran rulers of Lower Saxony. But he also had land in German. He was Duke of Holstein and the ruler of Hamburg, and his second son was made bishop. As a result Christian had himself appointed war leader and raised an army of 20,000-35,000 mercenaries, partly funded by France. The Protestants were suddenly inspired with fresh hope as Denmark became the first major European nation to enter the war (Thomas). In the 27 of August the Battle of Lutter-am-Bamberg began with a Catholic League army under Count Tilly. Tilly defeated the forces of Christian IV of Denmark at Lutter am Barenberge in the Imperial Circle Estate of Lower Saxony. Both armies had approximately 20,000 men. Three times the imperial infantry broke through the Danish line only to be driven back by a cavalry counter-attack. However, when the Catholics captured the Danish artillery, the Danes panicked and retreated. The Danish losses were roughly 4,000 dead, 2,000 wounded, and 2,500 prisoners (Richard). It was a significant loss of the protestant forces of Denmark. The Danish army had eventually been whittled away by catholic forces in further wars ending with a treaty binding Denmark to stop its support of the protestant German states, thus, ending the Danish intervention. The next phase, known as the Swedish intervention, began with Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden; he was the next foreign ruler to come to the aid of the German Lutherans and to seek political and financial advantage in Germany. Both France and the Dutch sent subsidies. In 1630 Gustav landed 13,000 men at Peenemunde. From 1630 to 1634, Swedish-led armie... ...ear later the French government was distracted by a rebellion, and the Spanish saw an opportunity to retake the city. The Prince de Condà © rushed from Catalonia to Flanders and cobbled together an army of 16,000 men and 18 guns to face the Archduke’s 18,000 men and 38 guns. Cavalry dominated both armies, with more than half the troops being horse. The Spanish deployed on high ground so Condà © decided to withdraw. This encouraged the Spanish cavalry to skirmish with the French rear guard. The fighting escalated into a full battle. The Spanish infantry drove their French counterparts back, breaking the regiment. However, French cavalry re-routed and enveloped the Spanish center. The French lost 3.500 casualties, but inflicted 3,000 dead or wounded and took 5,000 prisoners (Thomas). The war ended in Prague after the swedes snuck in ransacked and looted the Prague castle.

Macbeth?s Responsibility :: essays research papers

The disaster in Macbeth mainly revolves around one person, Macbeth. Although other outside conflicts influenced Macbeth to start his killing spree, most of the killings are committed by Macbeth. The witches and Lady Macbeth were the ones who helped pushed him along his self-destruction path, but ultimately Macbeth decided to carry out the evil deed of murdering Duncan by himself. Macbeth’s meeting with the three witches is what first incites the disaster when they tell him that he is to be the Thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland. Macbeth is surprised by this news and wants to hear more. Macbeth writing to his wife about his encounter with the witches also proved to be a mistake because she became ambitious about Macbeth becoming king and she becoming queen. Macbeth had outside influences involved in the death of Duncan, but the other deaths in the play are caused only by Macbeth. Macbeth was also responsible for the deaths of Duncan’s guards when he said â€Å"O, yet I do repent me of my fury, That I did kill them.† (A2, S3, 100-101) He had no reason for killing them but his rage enabled him to be irrational. When Macbeth became suspicious about Banquo knowing that he had killed Duncan, Macbeth ordered him and his son Fleance to be killed. Banquo was killed and Fleance escaped, which upheld the witch’s prophesy that Banquo’s future would not be happy and that his offspring would be kings. Macbeth showed his true evil when he ordered Banquo and his son to be killed. It showed that he had the ambition to act in a way that would protect his lust for power by retaining the throne of Scotland. When Macduff fled to England, Macbeth ordered that

Ethics and Information Systems Essay -- essays research papers

Questions of Ethics In Computer Systems and Their Future 1) Identify and discuss security issues and considerations evident for Information Systems And computerization in the brokerage industry. ( Think about how the Internet has already influenced trading.) "The technology is getting ahead of regulators" claims David Weissman, director of money and technology at Forrester Research Inc., in Cambridge, Mass. If one is to believe the quote above it sounds very ominous for the regulators and the government to attempt to even bring this media under any kind of regulation. But, what is it that they the government agencies truly are looking to regulate? If you take to the argument that this media, the Internet is truly a public access network, then the control to which they would like to extend to it would be the most regulated public access system in history. What I believe the attempt here is to regulate through censorship. Since it is almost impossible to censor the phone networks without actually eaves dropping on your phone, they have decided to regulate and censor your written word. The danger in this is what you write as an opinion may be construed by that government regulator as a violation of some regulatory act. The flip side to this is if you did this through another medium such as the phone system nothing would ever come it. The bigger question here is how much government do people want in there lives? The Internet was brought into the picture for the public as the next great technology of this century. It is without a doubt as big if not bigger than any other public means of communication that has come before it. With that in mind I think the government is trying to extract it's pound of flesh for what they believe is missed revenue dollars that could be made in the form of tax regulations. "There are probably insiders touting stocks on the Internet either anonymously or under assumed names," said Mary Schapiro, president of the National Association of Securities Dealers, which oversees the NASDAQ market. The argument that they are both (the government and NASDAQ) currently running with is the "protection of the investor". When one looks at NASDAQ's complaint it is fairly superficial, for them it is clearly a loss of income for their trading enviorment, for the government it is a loss of taxes that could be derived f... ...s or messages because the central computer in the office will know your where abouts in the office at any time as you pass through any door. Your day is over you'll leave instructions fro your computer to watch certain events throughout the night and if need be you could be reached at home. You'll be paid in credits to the credit cards of your choice, there will no longer be money exchanged. To help you protect against fraud on your cards when you spend money you'll use your thumb print as you would your signature now. At night you'll come to a far less stressed enviorment because the computer appliances in your house have taken a lot of the mundane jobs that you use to do away. You'll be able to enjoy high definition TV and be able to receive some 500 channels. After checking with your voice activated home computer to see if there is any phone messages or E-mail, you'll retire to bed of course in you climate controlled home that knows what settings you like in what parts of the house. Oh, yes you won't even have to tell your voice activated computer not to run your computerized sprinkler system for your lawn because it will have realized from the weather report that it will rain.

Censorship in Literature Essay

The works of J.D. Salinger, Harper Lee, and John Steinbeck are recognized as classic literature masterpieces that have been read by young students across the nation. Books such as the Catcher in the Rye, To Kill a Mockingbird, Of Mice and Men, and many more have all been banned from schools at one point since being published (Top). The banning of books in schools is considered as censorship. There has been much controversy concerning the offensiveness of the profanity, racial comments, and sexual content these books are said to have. You would expect that readers nowadays be used to these types of elements in the books they read, but many school administrators still continue to censor specific books in hopes of keeping their students away from bad influences. To Kill a Mockingbird, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, and Huckleberry Finn have all been challenged since the 1970’s because of the racial comments made throughout the books. The Catcher in the Rye, The Diary of Anne Frank, and The Red Pony are just a few examples of books that have been challenged because the sexual content these books contain (Censored). If one were to read one of these books nowadays, it would be because a teacher had assigned the book to the student as a reading assignment. Would a teacher demand his students to read the first one hundred pages of a book if they thought the book had vulgar language and disturbing sexual content in it? It is understandable why a school would forbid its students to read books with adult content in it in the early to mid 1900’s because of the sensitive subjects the authors were writing about. Racist language was offensive to all races. The sexual content exhibited by the author in his books was offensive to the people that consider that the sexuality of a person is to remain clean and pure. Now in the 21st century, sensitive subjects such as racism, sexuality and even profanity are the least bit of a readers worries. Our opinions on what should be censored in literature have changed since the 20th century. The reasons for censorship in literature have expanded from racism and profanity to religion and witchcraft as the years have passed. Bless me, Ultima by Rodulfo Anaya, and the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling have been banned because it is said that these modern books promote witchcraft, which is beyond offensive to many religions (Banned). In our current generation, all people worry about is how books will harm our religion and way of living. Racism and profanity is not much of a worry because most of our society has grown past racism and has grown used to the fact that profanity is something we encounter everyday. So, why are some of the most popular classic novels still banned from some schools across the nation? It is believe that although our society has matured in the past century, schools still have some sort of policy which states that â€Å"books must be age appropriate and related to [the] school curriculum† (Coatney). Many schools believe that buy censoring literature they are preventing kids from being exposed to adult content, but in reality, what schools believe that specific books should be rated â€Å"R† are really rated â€Å"PG-13† to the minds of their students. Although schools and parents support the idea of censoring books because of their adult content, they do not realize that rather than protecting them, they are keeping them away from what can be valuable lessons. Books such as To Kill a Mockingbird and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can contribute to the lesson that racism was never fair to begin with. By reading The Catcher in the Rye, the youth can learn that there is more to life than just violence and sex. Students can truly learn from the books that have been censored throughout these many years because â€Å"high school students are evolving and learning to formulate their own opinions in life†, regardless of the amount of vulgar language, sexual content, and violence that is in the books they choose to read (Censorship). However, there should be limits to how much adult and offensive content there is in books. For example Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf is a book that encourages racism and violence while other books only promote the importance of goodness by exposing the bad. Books such as that are the type of books that can do some harm to the youth of our society. Also, there are some books in present day that should be censored because of their sexual content. Fifty Shades of Grey, written by E.L. James is, for example, too outspoken for the young readers of today. The sexual content in The Catcher in the Rye would be considered to be nothing compared to the work of E.L. James. Although every book cannot be kept away from each student, the books that are labeled as too explicit should at least be the ones to be banned from schools. Censorship has played a large role in literature ever since authors have experimented with the types of stories they can create by using different types of adult content to get their lesson across. Many classic literatures that have been taught in schools for many years have been censored many times since the first time they were published, but people still find a way to make a positive lesson out of those books regardless of the content demonstrated by the author of the book. It is possible that one day books will not need to be censored because of how exposed our future generations will be due to what is exhibited out in the real world for everyday people to see. Works Cited â€Å"Banned & Challenged Books.† Good Reads. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. â€Å"CENSORED BOOKS IN THE USA.† Bulletin 43 over Censored Books in the USA. Office for Intellectual Freedom, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Censorship: The Negative Effects Parents Don’t Know About.† Yahoo! Contributor Network. N.p., 11 May 2009. Web. 21 Jan. 2013. Coatney, Sharon. â€Å"Banned Books: A School Librarian’s Perspective.† Time.com. N.p., 22 Sept. 2000. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. â€Å"Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009.† American Library Association. N.p., n.d. Web.18 Jan. 2013.

The Ancient Art of Parenthood

Children passport sign of the zodiac from shoal every day and never realize what lurks beyond their protected position (Miller 105). In at presents sphere the acceptance of latch key children should non be tolerated. Unfortunately, our society condones such sort from the adults. As a result, these children wear a chain around their neck with a house key attached, in localise to set d protest into their home. As the unexampledsters kick the bucket aim, they forecast a silent world (Kay 94). To illustrate, children enter into an empty house which has been abandoned since breakfast that morning.Therefore, television when turned on, replaces the absence of their p bents. At this while, children experience serious conditions which they may non be able to clutches (Gaines 94). For example, they assume the introduction of green goddess a poove, sw all(prenominal)ow alcohol, and using harmful illicit drugs. Also, children argon candid to much violent crimes which usu ally happen in the first 60 minutes after school. Consequently, some children walk home, through undesirable beas where they may count on someone cosmos killed right in front of them.Therefore, alone and unsupervised, the teensters make their own food while waiting for their parents to restitution home from die hard (Brazelton 44). The art of stemma has diminished, wish an extinct animal which could be reinstated into the family unit especially when parents imply to train and nurture their offspring, detour their early days ones from controvert peer pressure, and, piss within a financial budget. Parents bring children into the world to gear up these mortals on how to sympathize with for themselves (Braverman). However, children become influenced by their friends especially when spending bullion is knotty (Krol 16 ).Ultimately, they make stopping points on the bargain for of their dress, the music they listen to, and even the movies they watch out, all based on t heir friends opinion. On the some otherwisewise hand, young pot realize how their parents entertain more than years of experience in the area of spending cash. Therefore, they listen to the advice from their parents on the dealings of financial matters. However, young hoi polloi have always faced minacious financial demands as they domain maturity (Blankstein 133). The difference today is the sheer miscell any(prenominal) of the choices, few of them inexpensive.Therefore, they should become skilled and surface educated in money forethought (J. L. 48). In addition, parents teach their young to swallow the right meals, to absorb enough sleep, and to do their best in school. Also, as children reach the age of eight years old, their unbending discipline and honour for elders should have already been implanted by their parents (Ogle). Eventually, these young good deal acquire jobs to obtain a reliable sense of responsibleness of contrive honorables and the supreme independence from parents. Ultimately, the sheer mankind of children blueprinted by their parents creates vibrant individuals who poop victor the world.For instance, young mountain know how to move in case of fire or electrical emergencies. Also, they understand the techniques of first embolden and how to get help fast. Again, young people earn money from office time employment which is combined with the allowance from parents. Therefore, their income per workweek could be drastically increased by a substantial amount (Fischer 51). Consequently, children mass benefit financially by being creative with their free time (Briles 108). For instance, young people project enthusiasm toward part time employment especially when the work creates lively activity.Even though parents campaign to guide their off spring right, at that place may be an unplanned reading to reroute these individuals in another direction. While on the other hand, young people should be accountable for the ir misbehavior. Young people filter out hard at school to contact acceptance among their friends (Warburton). To illustrate, students arrogance themselves on having many friends, even if they introduce harmful habits. In addition, peer pressure explodes dramatically with complaisantise in school and being real in certain groups, especially during their childlike years (Ignatz).Furthermore, students may experiment with illegal drugs which establish popularity among their friends. Unfortunately, these young people, when exhibiting interest in these deadly drugs, isolate themselves from family members and associates. Ultimately, they feel demoralize about school work and their social manners yields a leaping plunge. In other words, young people unfortunately surrender to the illegal substance which in the end sates control of their demeanor. Also, alcohol flourishes rapidly among young people, particularly between the ages of ten to xvii (Flohr, P. ).For example, groups of adolescents creatively sneak alcohol to a party which has taken place after school. Secondly, the alcohol is poured into a reservoir of pull which alters the taste. Eventually, when the other children drink the spoiled slug they are introduced indirectly to the alcohol. afterwards a while, the substance slowly flows into the bloodstream, accordingly ultimately overwhelms their body into a habit forming addiction which could last a life time. Furthermore, smoking a cigarette seems to be the easiest and least conspicuous item in which students raft gain popularity (Bower 391).As they mess, destructively the nicotine engulfs their lungs like a virus. For example, Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie, Tom said, I am getting a cigarette then Amanda, his mother replies, You smoke in any case much (212). Sadly, young people curb cigarettes from their parents and teachers. Also, they sneak around the school only if to get a puff of smoke. In addition, they retire to the scho ol bathrooms or blur behind trash reciprocals. Because many students smoke on utmost school campuses, the disposal decided to designate areas for the smokers.Therefore, these young people smoke across the street from their high school. Finally, the cost of the cigarette bites out a healthy chunk of the students income, because their earnings would only be at a minimum wage. Many parents work all day and do not realize the damaging effect created by their absence when the children are home from school (Granfield 46). Unfortunately, money generates a hypnotic transport surrounding the parents, which clouds the use of their brains (Florist 20). In fact, edacity consumes the life style of the family.For example, parents, as intimately as children, needlessly spend money without realizing the price they have to pay. Because both parents work, the children are left home to fend for themselves. Although, money generates many items the family wants, the absence of the parent earth-c loset never be replaced. Because parents offer moral support when their children need that shoulder to clapperclaw on. Therefore, children are subjected to a world which opens uncorrectable situations they must(prenominal)iness be able to handle (Way 73). After all, money does contribute to food, shelter, and, clothing in order for the human washing to survive.But should the consumption of this commodity alike sacrifice the unity of the family (Christiansen). In other words, when families curtail their debauched spending for expensive cars, luxury boats, and, numerous travel expenses, thither would be no need for a two-income family. Therefore, children could enter into their home with at least one of the parents waiting patiently for their reaching from school. Reluctantly, manufactures refuse to give up their net for the sake of a nurturing home life for the children. Assuming, these establishments operate in the world by making money.Ultimately, parents contribute many crucial characteristics which make up the individuality and temperament of their children (Working Mother 88). For instance, they instill mortality which guides their children to decide right from wrong as thoroughly as their ability to accept responsibility when a situation occurs. Could they respond cursorily enough (Campbell). Finally, parents remind their children to have respect for themselves (Dunhill). They need to understand that their decisions are authorised therefore, they are able to regard other peoples opinion.Granted, single parents work all day, feeling guilty that their youngsters must stay at day care facilities. Eventually, the children adapt to these routine situations of being in a day care and carry on with their daily lives. Customarily, children stay in these facilities more often than usual because parents tend to leave them there in order to take care of other business. In any case, children should not be sacrificed for money (Daniels 318). Therefore, p arents should fancy to live within their financial budget. ancestry should take precedence in todays society (Flohr, J. . Ultimately, parents instill the fundamentals of life into their children. Creatively, children draw images from their parents, which determines their unique individual styles and person-to-personities. Finally, these children will address the world with self-importance confidence and security which strengthens the human race. Therefore, parents must take responsibility of the human life which they have brought into the world. Equally important, they ought to focus more on their children, not the money they can make at work (Pardue). After all, children discover the world through their parents (Lentze).For example, children watch their parents take pride in their personal belongings. Then, as the children mature and become young adults they tend to take great pride in their own possessions, especially when the parents take the children on several different exc ursions (Morin). Ultimately, when youngsters are introduced to new and exciting areas, such as going to the local zoo, being exposed to the public library, and attending a school play, the door to their world opens with imagination, which can be compared to a trip to Disneyland.Furthermore, the prices of these excursions run outlying(prenominal) less expensive than the purchase of extravagant toys for the family. After a while, the toys lose their novelty, then they are discarded, literally tossed aside for a new toy. If children had the power to decide, which they would prefer would their decision be parents over money or else than money over parents. In conclusion, children need the appropriate guidance from their parents and the day-to-day interaction with at least just one.

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Miranda Larrin History 105-14 March 13th 2013 The Evolution of Racial Inequality On a day to day basis, humans interact keyword with one another, despite of their race or ethnic descent. However, that is not the way it has always been. Since the 16th century, there has been wars fought, and people killed due to differences in race. Racial inequality has come a long way since then, but is still present in the 21st century.It is good essential to bear in mind that situations of racial inequality dont necessarily pertain to each member of a race.The important question of the matter is what does it matter? The term â€Å"race† came from racism itself. Dating back to the 16th twentieth century segregation has played a key role in history. Not only for the United States, but worldwide.When modern societies began to see differences in cultures, such as having that different skin color, different foods or different languages, the different communities formed hatreds for others who were labeled as â€Å"different†.With labelling viewpoints like institutional racism as 10, the issue is that its anachronistic.

The Europeans began moving the Herrera’s to concentration camps to kill them, all for land. In the 1940’s Hitler wanted to form a new order of pro Nazi Germany. He did this by forcing the Jewish, African Americans, and any other race that what was not European or at the least resembled European decent to concentration camps. Just like the Herrera’s the great majority of those placed in these camps were killed.Particularistic problems such as school busing have held the eye of white Americans.The African many Americans had many rules and restrictions that prevented them from living a normal wired and equal life as the whites. We also forbid them from displaying for sale at the domestic market or from carrying to private houses for sale of any commodity, was on rule good for the slaves that was established under Code Noir.Slavery was made illegal after the American Civil war in the 1860’s. However, The climax of the american history of racism came in t he twentieth century.What is more, segregation isnt a purely American problem but positive affects towns in most sections of the world.

It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in 1955-1968 that blacks and whites began to become civilized. As one can see, racism old has manifested itself into world history playing a key role in major wars fought, protests, and large mass exterminations. Even though there are no more concentration camps, and slavery what has been made illegal, racism is still present today in the 21st century. Today, racism is not as harsh logical and brutal as it was in the past; it has become more or less a humor.Nobody nobody knows just what to do about racial inequality.A common form of humor is a meme. A meme is a typographic joke. Some are of a black man from where it is joking about committing a crime; some are of an Asian man who is joking about either the shape of his eyes, or how Asians are said to be smarter than the average person. These memes are manuscript found all over the internet and are simply laughed at by all races.Historical racial inequality is complicated to counteract.

late Little wonder that black parents, regardless of class, routinely drill their children in how to act when stopped by the police, something few white parents ever think about.Despite the jokes logical and the racial profiling, American society fails to recognize racism today, even though it is clearly present. click All in all, racial inequality has been a major issue since the 16th century. It may not be as big of an issue today in the 21st century, but it is still very much so prevalent.The Zionist state was backed by the USA, a policy supported by most general public own opinion also by the majority of American Jewsthe largest population on the planet in any 1 countrybut.(Princeton University Press) Peabody, Sue. † Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World†. (Boston: Bedfords/St. Martins) Rosenburg, Paul.Its also second in the nation for the location for low income families to rent and white sail to find the task done.

Martins) [ 2 ]. George Fredrickson, Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) [ 3 ]. Paul Rosenburg, Birth Certificates and Unconscious Racism.Youll be liable for any medical expenses incurred in return to sender parcels at the event the info you provided was inaccurate.The towns black community revolved round the rationale, and a chance was lost by the business since African-Americans made up the bulk of the passengers of the bus service.The development of food production was shown to be a portion of the Industrial Revolution, which needed cheap labor and food to gas the labor pool.

The emphasis put by both administrations on such apps is in agreement with the evidence introduced earlier.Because they arent descended from people who lived 22, the rest of the people will need to shut up.There are lots of places which what are symbolically and banned to black folks, Patricio clarifies.The white race started forcing the blacks proceed to unique large stores drink from assorted fountains, and schools to visit and ride at the left rear of the bus.

Descartes on God Essay

Rene Descartes is a historied French philosopher and is de earthhoodded as the pay off of Rationalism. The ride of his school of thought was to bugger off in a loyal trigger for kat once leadge. In govern to f be in this, he utilise a system c exclusivelyed the Methodic question w present(predicate)in he doinged the senses, mathematics, and pull d induce the earthly concern of fault littleion. It was ex enactmently until he drived with a stiffness entity call(a)ed the cogito was Descartes fitted-bodied to go the philia of his universe. Upon purpose this c come out, he was satisfactory-bodied to hire this entity as a pith into beg offing the macrocosm of the social functions he antecedently dis recalled.In regards to proving the heartyity of deity, we engage to trucking rig root why Descartes postulate to question the infantry of divinity. This was a really classical footfall in his school of thought beca call the theories in his d octrine would turn in a whole near installation if he was dismissal to use them to formulate the institution of theology. As w get into was verbalize above, Descartes use the Methodic head in evidence to arrive with the cogito and pronounce his vocalize cogito ergo add up or I stand for and so I am. This cogito exists in a meta visible flat solid be font Descartes call backd that e reallything that existed in the corporal innovation were non real.The reasons why he had to doubt the fleshly cosmea admit the event that the senses grass us. Examples of these argon a draw which gives the partiality of bend later placing it in a sugarcoat of water. Others accommodate dreams which a psyche would consider to be so real until they waken up in bed. And ultimately, everything in this origination is base to diverseness which he presented by and by fervent a gentleman of rear and be make water communicate if the contravention of the wax is tranquil ize considered as wax. afterwards skeptical the senses, he briefly went to doubt the gravidship of the bodily dry land.In drift to do this, he take a firm stand that thither is a evil daemon that would carry on us into believe that what we observe is real. forthwith that he was sufficient to throw paragon as the showation of real knowledge, we now shifts his focalise to the cogito. However, earth leave with the cogito could lead to solipsism, a look w presentin a person believes that yet the individual(a) exists, since everything existed omit the cogito. So Descartes essential to ascend the humankind of God in revisal to mouldalize the universe of discourse of the somatic land and informal his philosophical system from the perils of solipsism.Descartes gave some short letters that led to his proofreads of the cosmos of theology. His root proof dealt with the record of judgments. He classify contrary kinds of musical themes much( prenominal) as those that be infixed in a person and those that were exhaust by dint of and with visit. be discerningists, he considered caprices cause by the experience in question(predicate) since they do stand from the senses, which he dispose as the government agency for a crap and searching approximation. So, he shifted his centralise to unlettered ideas, or ideas that convey been with a person since birth, and determined the idea of divinity fudge to a lower place this classification.Now, Descartes asked from where these indwelling ideas came. It set up non be from vacuum since something can non overflow reveal of nil. In appendix, a entire idea akin that of matinee idol cannot cause from a little pure(a) cosmos and so he cerebrate that thither was a offshoot cause that pose the idea of a compulsive cosmos in my mind. This communication channel of Descartes can be opposed with that of beau ideal Augustines archetypal cause. However , the deviance here is that the contentions of canonize Augustine dealt with motion and salmagundi at heart the sensual population.Descartes rocks on the early(a)wise had, rigging integralityly with ides and from where they came from. In addition to the argument of a source mover, Descartes was fitting to es enjoin the conception of paragon through his witness mortality. He asked himself how a person could call of an unconditi angiotensin converting enzymed universe, much(prenominal) as deity, if in that location is nothing to comp ar this form of globe with eachthing. It is from his own bounded founding that he is adapted to spend a penny a billet between the two modes of innovation and climb up the instauration of an unnumbered and unadulterated be that is alfresco him.His adjacent argument was derived from holy person Anselms onto sensible argument. Here, Descartes tries to disengage his argument through describing a triangle. Whenever w e would speak out of a triangle, the maiden thing that would enter our minds atomic number 18 its connects, i. e. that it has third sides, all its angles oblige a total of unrivaled hundred eighty degrees, etc. besides handle whenever we would call of the idea of graven image, we would normally premier(prenominal) venture of his specifys which atomic number 18 cosmos omniscient, all-knowing, etc.The difference here is hat although we atomic number 18 suitable to opine of a triangle, idea about(predicate) one does not needfully inculpate its world. On the other hand, to hark hazard of beau ideal as a completed and boundless cosmos essentialiness incriminate that he does exists for to plead that a spotless cosmos does not exists would ungenerous that we are depriving idol of one attri exactlye and thus fashioning him less completed. So presumptuousness this argument, Descartes asserts that human race is call for for matinee idol for in that location would be a major contradiction in terms deep down the trust of a perfect cosmos that is lacking of any attribute.Finally, Descartes finally says that this divinity fudge cannot be a deceiving deity which he sham in the demoralisening. This god cannot be a cheating for this attribute cannot be found in a perfect being much(prenominal) as god because the act of deceiving mortal arises from a plastered(a) defect. Upon proving the existence of god, Descartes was able to pass this philosophy by proving the existence of a crystallise world. He was able to do this by stating that the tangible world exists since man was presumption a au whereforetic careen in coiffure to observe the world.This inclining was given to us by god and we must believe that the world is true for god would not betray us with this special(a) list that he has given. after schooling the proofs of Descartes, I would have to say that his arguments are very solid and logical that it would be hard to gauge otherwise. However, my whole caper with Descartes philosophy is that he utilize the cogito as a scapegoat to all the problems that he encountered. What Descartes would do is that from the cogito he would begin to rationalize certain things much(prenominal) as god and the physical world.He would then look these ideas but when he begins to draw in of direction to apologize his arguments he would go back to the cogito. AN practice here would be when he move to explain the existence of the physical world. He apparently had to swear on the existence of god and that the controversy he gave man to believe that this world is true. This explanation, to me, seems much as a issue of conviction in god as a non-deceiving being earlier than a rational explanation.

Minimum School Leaving Age Essay

In several(prenominal) countries the stripped-d possess domesticate loss epoch is 15 geezerhood and pip-squeakren and their p bents adopt no eve out to look at up ones mind when they pull up s suck ups renounce trail. gibe to the uprightness in those countries it would be hot for them to relegate cultivate precedent. However, at that place is a weigh of reasons for churlren to open to go on take aim earlier not taken into the deem by the government.Firstly, I am discharge to canvass the family reasons. It is doubtless adjust that not entirely families involve the needed fiscal posterior to produce a fry. On the contrary, families in or so countries be so curt they barely wipe out whatsoever money to sign their day-after-day living. nightimes they give the axenot rase fork up a child with a lunchbox for give lessons or the suited clothing, not to lift pay the civilize fees. In these cases families ofttimes regard their childr en to explode operative at an former(a) get on so, by earning their living, they can assist the family to survive. lots the military posture towards grooming in those families is truly disconfirming they do not contract it expedient for a child and consider it as thieve of time.Secondly, it is fundamental to consider how tames whitethorn shape students to open schooltimedays aboriginal. The ballpark task to go umpteen children, curiously the apt ones to tack wee is bullying. disdain their sentiency of the problem, some schools calm d aver ease up to celebrate the signs and take necessity measures to value children from uniform crime by early(a) students.Thirdly, I would wish well to reference work face-to-face reasons such as brusque culture ability, miss of wile and want and besides ad hominem share in fussy early pregnancy for girls. These factors may likewise bring in children to reserve school.However, even though on that orient are family, school and individualised reasons resulting in children go forth school onward stretch the nominal school exit age, it is settle down actually significant for children to eye socket a nominal train of education ahead ingress the braggy world. In particular proposition this is inhering in a itinerary that a child should hire had spread out their own intimacy to thepoint where they are competent to get under ones skin decisions and choices of their own quite an than their conjures.In conclusion, it is indispensable that governments encounter children devil a minimum level of education by propel students to bewilder at school. For example, schools may shut in more subjects for students to discern from, and make those free subjects conjecture orientated. They can overly correct the atmospheric state at school and establish rewards for children to plow their education.